DIVING-PAM 全球**款水下调制荧光仪

Schreiber教授因发明PAM系列调制叶绿素荧光仪而获得首届国际光合作用协会（ISPR）创新奖

DIVING-PAM是全世界**的一款可以原位研究水下植物（大型海藻、水草、珊瑚、沉水植物、“藻垫”和附着藻类等）光合作用的仪器，可达50米深�?/strong>。它开创了在现场研究这些植物的光合作用的先河。DIVING-PAM在世界各地甚至是南、北极地区都有广泛应用、�/p>

DIVING-PAM是由超便携式调制叶绿素荧光仪MINI-PAM演化而来的，后者已被证明是野外光合作用研究的强大工具。DIVING-PAM的光电元件和操作软件与MINI-PAM相同，但DIVING-PAM的外壳采用了全防水设计，特别适合水下操作。DIVING-PAM的按键非常灵敏，在水下只需用指尖轻轻一摁即可。主机和样品之间通过非常柔软的光纤连接，有多种特制叶夹可选、�/p>

DIVING-PAM可以存储4000组数�?/strong>，利用Windows操作软件WinControl可以进行数据传输、数据分析和遥控操作、�/p>

利用DIVING-PAM在海底原位测量澳洲大堡礁珊瑚的光合作�?/td>

主要功能

? * 仪器全防水设计，耐受50 m水压

? * 可测荧光诱导曲线并进行淬灭分枏�/p>

? * 可测光响应曲线和快速光曲线（RLC（�/p>

? * 51个内置模式菜单，方便参数设置和标准测野�/p>

? * 可测水温、水深和PAR

? * 光感式按键，方便水下使用

应用领域

应用于水生生物学与海洋生物学、潮间带生态学、珊瑚研究、湖泊生态学等领域。原位测量珊瑚、大型海藻、沉水植物生理活性的**仪器。也可用于测量雨季陆生高等植物的光合活性。可测量微藻，但不太适合于自然水体中的浮游植物测量、�/p>

测量参数

Fo� Fm� F� Fm'� Fv/Fm� Y(II)=��F/Fm'� qP� qN� NPQ� ETR� PAR� 水深和温度等、�/p>

系统组成

� 微型光量子探头适配器，用于水下原位测量PAR、�/p>

� 磁性样品架DIVING-MLC（可选附件），分上、下两部分，可以靠磁性夹住叶片进行暗适应。上部覆盖带弹性的橡胶皮，中间开一条缝。光纤可从缝中插入，光纤插入后缝自动闭合，不会漏进环境光、�/p>

� 暗适应叶夹DIVING-LC（可选附件），塑料制，重量轻。也可用PAM-2100和MINI-PAM的暗适应叶夹DLC-8代替、�/p>

� 暗适应适配器。光纤可深入暗适应适配器中固定好，测量时放到暗适应叶夹DIVING-LC的上部，打开DIVING-LC的滑片即可、�/p>

� 遮光板，装在光适应样品架DIVING-USH的底部，阻挡底部反射光、�/p>

� 水下样品架DIVIN-USH

� 全防水设计的主机

� 表面样品室DIVING-SH(可选附�?，特别适合测量珊瑚时用。改样品室四周有4个带橡皮筋的挂钩，可以牢牢固定在凹凸不平的珊瑚表面、�/p>

主要技术参�?/p>

测量先�/strong>：红色发光二极管（LED），650 nm；标准光�?.15 ��mol m^-2s^-1PAR；调制频�?.6�?0 kHz，自动转换、�/p>

光化先�/strong>：卤素灯�?V/20W，蓝色增强，��<710 nm�?*连续光强6000 ��mol m^-2s^-1PAR、�/p>

饱和脉冲：卤素灯�?V/20W，蓝色增强，��<710 nm�?*饱和闪光强度18000 ��mol m^-2s^-1PAR、�/p>

信号检浊�/strong>：PIN-光电二极管，带短波截止滤光片�?#955;>710 nm；选择性锁相放大器�?*设计）、�/p>

数据存储：CMOS RAM 128 KB，可存储4000组数�?/p>

测量参数：Fo� Fm� Fm’， F� Fv/Fm(max. Yield)� ��F/Fm�?Yield)� qP� qN� NPQ� ETR� PAR和叶温等、�/p>

环境温度�?5～＋40℃，在南、北极有成功应用、�/p>

部分文献

1.Borell EM� Romatzki SBC� Ferse SCA: Differential physiological responses of two congeneric scleractinian corals to mineral accretion and an electric fieldCoral Reefs2010�29(1):191-200.[DIVING-PAM]

2.Chevalier EM� G��vaert F� Cr��ach A: In situ photosynthetic activity and xanthophylls cycle development of undisturbed microphytobenthos in an intertidal mudflat.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology2010�385:44-49.[DIVING-PAM]

3.Edwards MS� Kim KY: Diurnal variation in relative photosynthetic performance in giant kelpMacrocystis pyrifera(Phaeophyceae� Laminariales) at different depths as estimated using PAM fluorometryAquatic Botany2010�92(2):119-128.[DIVING-PAM]

4.Green DH� Edmunds PJ� Pochon X� Gates RD: The effects of substratum type on the growth� mortality� and photophysiology of juvenile corals in St. John� US Virgin IslandsJournal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology2010�384(1-2):18-29.[DIVING-PAM]

5.Marquardt R� Schubert H� Varela DA� Huovinen P� Henr��quez L� Buschmann AH: Light acclimation strategies of three commercially important red algal species.Aquaculture2010�299:140-148.[DIVING-PAM]

6.Ochieng CA� Short FT� Walker DI: Photosynthetic and morphological responses of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) to a gradient of light conditionsJournal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology2010�382(2):117-124.[DIVING-PAM]

7.Abreu MH� Varela DA� Henr��quez L� Villarroel A� Yarish C� Sousa-Pinto I� Buschmann AH: Traditional vs. Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture ofGracilaria chilensisC. J. Bird� J. McLachlan & E. C. Oliveira: Productivity and physiological performanceAquaculture2009�293(3-4):211-220.[DIVING-PAM]

8.Almeida CMR� Dias AC� Mucha AP� Bordalo AA� Vasconcelos MTSD: Influence of surfactants on the Cu phytoremediation potential of a salt marsh plantChemosphere2009�75(2):135-140.[DIVING-PAM]

9.Cantin NE� van Oppen MJH� Willis BL� Mieog JC� Negri2 AP: Juvenile corals can acquire more carbon from high-performance algal symbiontsCoral Reefs2009�28(2):405-414.[DIVING-PAM]

10.Chartrand KM� Durako MJ� Blum JE: Effect of hyposalinity on the photophysiology ofSiderastrea radiansMarine Biology2009�156(8):1691-1702.[DIVING-PAM]

11.Collier CJ� Lavery PS� Ralph PJ� Masini RJ: Shade-induced response and recovery of the seagrassPosidonia sinuosaJournal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology2009�370(1-2):89-103.[DIVING-PAM]

12.Davoult D� Mign�� A� Cr��ach A� G��vaert F� Hubas C� Spilmont N� Boucher G: Spatio-temporal variability of intertidal benthic primary production and respiration in the western part of the Mont Saint-Michel Bay (Western English Channel� France)Hydrobiologia2009�620(1):163-172.[DIVING-PAM]

13.Downs CA� Kramarsky-Winter E� Woodley CM� Downs A� Winters G� Loya Y� Ostrander GK: Cellular pathology and histopathology of hypo-salinity exposure on the coralStylophora pistillataScience of The Total Environment2009�407(17):4838-4851.[DIVING-PAM]

14.Enr��quez S� ?vila E� Carballo JL: Phenotypic plasticity induced in transplant experiments in a mutualistic association between the red algaJania adhaerens(Rhodophyta� Corallinales) and the spongeHaliclona caerulea(Porifera: Haplosclerida): morphological responses of the alga.Journal of Phycology2009�45(1):81-90.[DIVING-PAM]

15.Figueroa FL� Korbee N� Carrillo P� Medina-S��nchez JM� Mata M� Bonomi J� S��nchez-Castillo PM: The effects of UV radiation on photosynthesis estimated as chlorophyll fluorescence inZygnemopsis decussata(Chlorophyta) growing in a high mountain lake (Sierra Nevada� Southern Spain).Journal of Limnology2009�68(2):206-216.[DIVING-PAM]

16.Halac S� Garc��a-Mendoza E� Banaszak AT: Ultraviolet Radiation Reduces the Photoprotective Capacity of the Marine DiatomPhaeodactylum tricornutum(Bacillariophyceae� Heterokontophyta).Photochemistry and Photobiology2009�85(3):807-815.[DIVING-PAM]

17.Horn LE� Paling EI� Keulen Mv: Photosynthetic recovery of transplantedPosidonia sinuosa� Western Australia.Aquatic Botany2009�90(2):149-156.[DIVING-PAM]

18.Jesus B� Brotas V� Ribeiro L� Mendes CR� Cartaxana P� Paters DM: Adaptations of microphytobenthos assemblages to sediment type and tidal positionContinental Shelf Research2009�29(13):1624-1634.[DIVING-PAM]

19.Polerecky L� Al-Najjar ABM� Faerber P� Osmers H� Suci PA� Stoodley P� Beer Dd: Modular Spectral Imaging System for Discrimination of Pigments in Cells and Microbial Communities.Applied and Environmental Microbiology2009�75(3):758-771.[DIVING-PAM]

20.Spilmont N� Denis L� Artigas LF� Caloin F� Courcot L� Cr��ach A� Desroy N� Gevaert F� Hacquebart P� Hubas Cet al: Impact of thePhaeocystis globosaspring bloom on the intertidal benthic compartment in the eastern English Channel: A synthesisMarine Pollution Bulletin2009�58(1):55-63.[DIVING-PAM]

21.Vermeij MJA� Smith TB� Dailer ML� Smith CM: Release from native herbivores facilitates the persistence of invasive marine algae: a biogeographical comparison of the relative contribution of nutrients and herbivory to invasion successBiological Invasions2009�11(6):1463-1474.[DIVING-PAM]

22.Williams SL� Carranza A� Kunzelman J� Datta S� Kuivila KM: Effects of the Herbicide Diuron on Cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) Reflectance and Photosynthetic ParametersEstuaries and Coasts2009�32(1):146-157.[DIVING-PAM]

23.Yuen YS� Yamazaki SS� Nakamura T� Tokuda G� Yamasaki H: Effects of live rock on the reef-building coralAcropora digitiferacultured with high levels of nitrogenous compoundsAquacultural Engineering2009�41(1):35-43.[DIVING-PAM]

24.何伟� 王国祥， 杨文斌， 陈秋敏， 陆贻趄� 水深梯度对菹草生长的影响.生态学杂志2009�28(7):1224-1228.[DIVING-PAM]

25.李强� 王国�? 秋冬季光照、水温对菹草萌发和幼苗生长发育的影响.重庆文理学院学报2009�28(1):9-15.[DIVING-PAM]

26.李强� 王国�? 水体泥沙对苦草生长发育和叶片光合生理特性的影响.生态学�?/em>2009�29(6):2852-2860.[DIVING-PAM]

27.刘玉� 王国祥， 潘国杂� 水位埋深对菖蒲萌发和幼苗生长的影�?湖泊科学2009�21(4):530-537.[DIVING-PAM]

28.宋玉芝， 蔡炜� 秦伯弹� 太湖常见浮叶植物和沉水植物的光合荧光特性比�?应用生态学�?/em>2009�20(3):569-573.[DIVING-PAM]

29.Belshe EF� Durako MJ� Blum JE: Diurnal light curves and landscape-scale variation in photosynthetic characteristics ofThalassia testudinumin Florida BayAquatic Botany2008�89(1):16-22.[DIVING-PAM]

30.Burghardt I� Stemmer K� W?gele H: Symbiosis betweenSymbiodinium(Dinophyceae) and various taxa of Nudibranchia (Mollusca: Gastropoda)� with analyses of long-term retentionOrganisms Diversity & Evolution2008�8(1):66-76.[DIVING-PAM]

31.Hall-Spencer JM� Rodolfo-Metalpa R� Martin S� Ransome E� Fine M� Turner SM� Rowley SJ� Tedesco D� Buia M-C: Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification.Nature2008�454:96-99.[IMAGING-PAM� DIVING-PAM]

32.Han T� Kang S-H� Park J-S� Lee H-K� Brown MT: Physiological responses ofUlva pertusaandU. armoricanato copper exposureAquatic Toxicology2008�86(2):176-184.[DIVING-PAM]

33.Hancke K� Hancke TB� Olsen LM� Johnsen G� Glud RN: Temperature effects on microalgal photosynthesis-light responses measured by O₂production� pulse-amplitude-modulated fluorescence� and¹⁴C assimilation.Journal of Phycology2008�44(2):501-514.[DIVING-PAM]

34.Mart��nez B� Rico JM: Changes in nutrient content ofPalmaria palmatain response to variable light and upwelling in Northern Spain.Journal of Phycology2008�44(1):50-59.[DIVING-PAM]

35.Piniak GA� Storlazzi CD: Diurnal variability in turbidity and coral fluorescence on a fringing reef flat: Southern Molokai� HawaiiEstuarine� Coastal and Shelf Science2008�77(1):56-64.[DIVING-PAM]

36.Reynolds JM� Bruns BU� Fitt WK� Schmidt GW: Enhanced photoprotection pathways in symbiotic dinoflagellates of shallow-water corals and other cnidarians.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2008�105:13674-13678.[PAM-100� DIVING-PAM]

37.Rodolfo-Metalpa R� Huot Y� Ferrier-Pages C: Photosynthetic response of the Mediterranean zooxanthellate coralCladocora caespitosato the natural range of light and temperature.Journal of Experimental Biology2008�211(10):1579-1586.[DIVING-PAM]

38.Sampayo EM� Ridgway T� Bongaerts P� Hoegh-Guldberg O: Bleaching susceptibility and mortality of corals are determined by fine-scale differences in symbiont type.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2008�105:10444-10449.[DIVING-PAM]

39.Saroussi S� Beer S: Alpha and quantum yield of aquatic plants derived from PAM fluorometry: Uses and misusesAquatic Botany2008�86(1):89-92.[DIVING-PAM]

40.Smith-Keune C� Dove S: Gene Expression of a Green Fluorescent Protein Homolog as a Host-Specific Biomarker of Heat Stress Within a Reef-Building CoralMarine Biotechnology2008�10(2):166-180.[DIVING-PAM]

41.Sofonia JJ� Anthony KRN: High-sediment tolerance in the reef coralTurbinaria mesenterinafrom the inner Great Barrier Reef lagoon (Australia)Estuarine� Coastal and Shelf Science2008�78(4):748-752.[DIVING-PAM]

42.李强� 王国�? 冬季降温对菹草叶片光合荧光特性的影响.生态环墂�/em>2008�17(5):1754-1758.[DIVING-PAM]

43.郑有飞， 李璐� 梁骏: 模拟酸雨条件下Pb~(2+)和Cr~(6+)对蕹菜光合作用及品质的影�?生态学杂志2008�27(9):1580-1586.[DIVING-PAM]

44.周晓红， 王国祥， 冯冰�? 光照对菹�?Potamogeton cripus)幼苗生长发育和光合荧光特性的影响.生态环墂�/em>2008�17(4):1342-1347.[DIVING-PAM]

45.Bautista AIN� Jr. ON: Photoacclimation in three species of freshwater red algaeBrazilian Journal of Plant Physiology2007�19(1):23-34.[DIVING-PAM]

46.Belshe EF� Durako MJ� Blum JE: Photosynthetic rapid light curves (RLC) of Thalassia testudinum exhibit diurnal variationJournal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology2007�342(2):253-268.[DIVING-PAM]

47.Cantin NE� Negri AP� Willis BL: Photoinhibition from chronic herbicide exposure reduces reproductive output of reef-building corals.Marine Ecology Progress Series2007�344:81-93.[DIVING-PAM]

48.Carpenter LW� Patterson MR: Water flow influences the distribution of photosynthetic efficiency within colonies of the scleractinian coralMontastrea annularis(Ellis and Solander� 1786); implications for coral bleachingJournal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology2007�351(1-2):10-26.[DIVING-PAM]

49.Carr H� Bj?rk M: Parallel changes in non-photochemical quenching properties� photosynthesis and D1 levels at sudden� prolonged irradiance exposures inUlva fasciataDelileJournal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology2007�87(1):18-26.[DIVING-PAM]

50.Cayabyab NM� Enr��quez S: Leaf photoacclimatory responses of the tropical seagrassThalassia testudinumunder mesocosm conditions: a mechanistic scaling-up study.New Phytologist2007�176(1):108-123.[DIVING-PAM]

51.Davison IR� Jordan TL� Fegley JC� Grobe CW: Response ofLaminaria saccharina(Phaeophyta) growth and photosynthesis to simultaneous ultraviolet radiation and nitrogen limitation.Journal of Phycology2007�43(4):636-646.[DIVING-PAM]

52.Durako MJ: Leaf optical properties and photosynthetic leaf absorptances in several Australian seagrassesAquatic Botany2007�87(1):83-89.[DIVING-PAM]

53.Ferrier-Pag��s C� Richard C� Forcioli D� Allemand D� Pichon M� Shick JM: Effects of Temperature and UV Radiation Increases on the Photosynthetic Efficiency in Four Scleractinian Coral Species.Biological Bulletin2007�213:76-87.[DIVING-PAM]

54.Fleming ED� Bebout BM� Castenholz RW: Effects of salinity and light intensity on the resumption of photosynthesis in rehydrated cyanobacterial mats from Baja California Sur� Mexico.Journal of Phycology2007�43(1):15-24.[DIVING-PAM]

55.Francoeur SN� Johnson AC� Kuehn KA� Neely RK: Evaluation of the efficacy of the photosystem II inhibitor DCMU in periphyton and its effects on nontarget microorganisms and extracellular enzymatic reactions.Journal of the North American Benthological Society2007�26(4):633-641.[DIVING-PAM]

56.Frisch AJ� Ulstrup KE� Hobbs J-PA: The effects of clove oil on coral: An experimental evaluation usingPocillopora damicornis(Linnaeus)Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology2007�345(2):101-109.[DIVING-PAM]

57.Garc��a-Mendoza E� Colombo-Pallotta MF: The giant kelpMacrocystis pyriferapresents a different nonphotochemical quenching control than higher plants.New Phytologist2007�173(3):526-536.[DIVING-PAM]

58.Garty J� Tamira TL� Lehr H: The impact of UV-B and sulphur- or copper-containing solutions in acidic conditions on chlorophyll fluorescence in selectedRamalinaspeciesEnvironmental Pollution2007�145(1):266-273.[DIVING-PAM]

59.Husband JD� Kiene RP: Occurrence of dimethylsulfoxide in leaves� stems� and roots ofSpartina alterniflora.Wetlands2007�27(2):224-229.[DIVING-PAM]

60.Koch MS� Schopmeyer S� Kyhn-Hansen C� Madden CJ: Synergistic effects of high temperature and sulfide on tropical seagrassJournal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology2007�341(1):91-101.[DIVING-PAM]

61.Koch MS� Schopmeyer SA� Holmer M� Madden CJ� Kyhn-Hansen C:Thalassia testudinumresponse to the interactive stressors hypersalinity� sulfide and hypoxia.Aquatic Botany2007�87(2):104-110.[DIVING-PAM]

62.Koch MS� Schopmeyer SA� Kyhn-Hansen C� Madden CJ� Peters JS: Tropical seagrass species tolerance to hypersalinity stressAquatic Botany2007�86(1):14-24.[DIVING-PAM]

63.Kromkamp JC� Perkins R� Dijkman N� Consalvey M� Andres M� Reid RP: Resistance to burial of cyanobacteria in stromatolites.Aquatic Microbial Ecology2007�48(2):123-130.[WATER-PAM� DIVING-PAM]

64.Martinez MDCG� Romero PR� Banaszak AT: Photoinduced toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon� fluoranthene� on the coral�Porites divaricataJournal of Environmental Science and Health2007�42(10):1495-1502.[DIVING-PAM]

65.Matheson FE� Schwarz A-M: Growth responses of Zostera capricorni to estuarine sediment conditionsAquatic Botany2007�87(4):299-306.[DIVING-PAM]

66.Mign�� A� G��vaert F� Cr��ach A� Spilmont N� Chevalier E� Davoult D: Photosynthetic activity of intertidal microphytobenthic communities during emersion: in situ measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence (PAR) and CO₂flux (IRGA)Journal of Phycology2007�43(5):864-873.[DIVING-PAM]

67.Padilla-Gami?o JL� Carpenter RC: Thermal ecophysiology ofLaurencia pacificaandLaurencia nidifica(Ceramiales� Rhodophyta) from tropical and warm-temperate regions.Journal of Phycology2007�43(4):686-692.[DIVING-PAM]

68.Pawlik JR� Steindler L� Henkel TP� Beer S� Ilan M: Chemical warfare on coral reefs: Sponge metabolites differentially affect coral symbiosisin situ.Limnology and Oceanography2007�52(2):907-911.[DIVING-PAM]

69.Piniak GA: Effects of two sediment types on the fluorescence yield of two Hawaiian scleractinian coralsMarine Environmental Research2007�64(4):456-468.[DIVING-PAM]

70.Raniello R� Mollo E� Lorenti M� Gavagnin M� Buia MC: Phytotoxic activity of caulerpenyne from the Mediterranean invasive variety ofCaulerpa racemosa: a potential allelochemicalBiological Invasions2007�9(4):361-368.[DIVING-PAM]

71.Runcie JW� Riddle MJ: Assessing the toxic effects of dissolved copper on the Antarctic macroalgaDesmarestia menziesiiusing chlorophyll fluorescence imaging in ecotoxicological testsToxicological & Environmental Chemistry2007�89(4):641-653.[DIVING-PAM� IMAGING-PAM]

72.Saroussi S� Beer S: Acclimations of macroalgae as reflected in photosynthetic parameters derived from PAM fluorometry� and possible implications for abundance patterns.Marine Ecology2007�28(3):377-383.[DIVING-PAM]

73.Sharon Y� Beer S: Diurnal movements of chloroplasts inHalophila stipulaceaand their effect on PAM fluorometric measurements of photosynthetic ratesAquatic Botany2007�88(4):273-276.[DIVING-PAM]

74.Smith LW� Birkeland C: Effects of intermittent flow and irradiance level on back reef Porites corals at elevated seawater temperaturesJournal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology2007�341(2):282-294.[DIVING-PAM]

75.Sobrino C� Neale PJ: Short-term and long-term effects of temperature on photosynthesis in the diatomThalassiosira pseudonanaunder UVR exposures.Journal of Phycology2007�43(3):426-436.[DIVING-PAM]

76.Theil M� Westphalen G� Collings G� Cheshire A:Caulerpa taxifoliaresponses to hyposalinity stressAquatic Botany2007�87(3):221-228.[DIVING-PAM]

77.Torregiani JH� Lesser MP: The effects of short-term exposures to ultraviolet radiation in the Hawaiian Coral Montipora verrucosa.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology2007�340(2):194-203.[DIVING-PAM]

78.Van der Welle MEW� Niggebrugge K� Lamers LPM� Jan G.M. Roelofsa: Differential responses of the freshwater wetland speciesJuncus effususL. andCaltha palustrisL. to iron supply in sulfidic environmentsEnvironmental Pollution2007�147(1):222-230.[DIVING-PAM]

79.Wulff A� Zacher K� Hanelt D� Al-Handal A� Wiencke C: UV radiation - a threat to Antarctic benthic marine diatoms?Antarctic Science2007�20:13-20.[DIVING-PAM� WATER-PAM]

80.Yokoya NS� Jr. ON� Martins AP� Gonzalez SF� Plastino EM: Growth responses and photosynthetic characteristics of wild and phycoerythrin-deficient strains ofHypnea musciformis(Rhodophyta)Journal of Applied Phycology2007�19(3):197-205.[DIVING-PAM]

81.曹昀� 王国�? 土壤水分含量对菖�?Acorus calamus)萌发及幼苗生长发育的影响.生态学�?/em>2007�27(5):1748-1755.[DIVING-PAM]

82.曹昀� 王国祥， 刘玉: 淹水对菖蒲萌发及幼苗生长的影�?湖泊科学2007�19(5):577-584.[DIVING-PAM]

83.李强� 王国祥， 马婷� 王文林， 潘国杂� 水网藻附着对亚洲苦草光合特性的影响湖泊科学2007�19(3):315-320.[DIVING-PAM]

84.李强� 王国祥， 王文林， 马婷� 潘国杂� 悬浮泥沙水体对穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatumL�?光合荧光特性的影响.湖泊科学2007�19(2):197-203.[DIVING-PAM]

85.马婷� 王国祥， 李强� 潘国权， 王文枖� 富营养化水体中菹草光合荧光特性研�?生态环墂�/em>2007�16(3):758-761.[DIVING-PAM]

86.潘国权， 王国祥， 李强� 刘玉: 浊度对苦�?Vallisneria natans)幼苗生长的影�?生态环墂�/em>2007�16(3):762-766.[DIVING-PAM]

87.王文林， 王国祥， 李强� 马婷� 潘国杂� 悬浮泥沙对亚洲苦草幼苗生长发育的影响.水生生物学报2007�31(4):460-466.[DIVING-PAM]

88.徐瑶� 王国祥， 李强: 水体浊度对苦草光合荧光特性的影响.武汉植物学研穵�/em>2007�25(1):70-74.[DIVING-PAM]

89.Andersson M� Schubert H� Peders��n M� Snoeijs P: Different patterns of carotenoid composition and photosynthesis acclimation in two tropical red algae.Marine Biology2006�149(3):653-665.[DIVING-PAM]

90.Colombo-Pallotta MF� Garcia-Mendoza E� Ladah LB: Photosynthetic performance� light absorption� and pigment composition ofMacrocystis pyrifera(Laminariales� Phaeophyceae) blades from different depths.Journal of Phycology2006�42(6):1225-1234.[DIVING-PAM]

91.Copertino MS� Cheshire A� Watling J: Photoinhibition and photoacclimation of turf algal communities on a temperate reef� after in situ transplantation experiments.Journal of Phycology2006�42(3):580-592.[DIVING-PAM]

92.Franklin DJ� Cedr��s CMM� Hoegh-Guldberg O: Increased mortality and photoinhibition in the symbiotic dinoflagellates of the Indo–Pacific coralStylophora pistillata(Esper) after summer bleaching.Marine Biology2006�149(3):633-642.[DIVING-PAM]

93.Jesus B� Perkins RG� Mendes CR� Brotas V� Paterson DM: Chlorophyll fluorescence as a proxy for microphytobenthic biomass: alternatives to the current methodology.Marine Biology2006�150(1):17-28.[DIVING-PAM]

94.Lu I-F� Sung M-S� Lee T-M: Salinity stress and hydrogen peroxide regulation of antioxidant defense system inUlva fasciata.Marine Biology2006�150(1):1-15.[DIVING-PAM]

95.Middelboe AL� Sand-Jensen K� Binzer T: Highly predictable photosynthetic production in natural macroalgal communities from incoming and absorbed light.Oecologia2006�150(3):464-476.[DIVING-PAM]

96.Nielsen KJ� Blanchette CA� Menge BA� Lubchenco J: Physiological snapshots reflect ecological performance of the sea palm�Postelsia palmaeformis(Phaeophycaea) across intertidal elevation and exposure gradients.Journal of Phycology2006�42(3):548-559.[DIVING-PAM]

97.Perkins RG� Mouget J-L� Lefebvre S� Lavaud J: Light response curve methodology and possible implications in the application of chlorophyll fluorescence to benthic diatomsMarine Biology2006�149(4):703-712.[DIVING-PAM]

98.Raniello R� Lorenti M� Brunet C� Buia MC: Photoacclimation of the invasive algaCaulerpa racemosavar.cylindraceato depth and daylight patterns and a putative new role for siphonaxanthin.Marine Ecology2006�27(1):20-30.[DIVING-PAM]

99.Rodolfo-Metalpa R� Richard C� Allemand D� Bianchi CN� Morri C� Ferrier-Pag��s C: Response of zooxanthellae in symbiosis with the Mediterranean coralsCladocora caespitosaandOculina patagonicato elevated temperatures.Marine Biology2006�150:45-55.[DIVING-PAM]

100.Schubert H� Andersson M� Snoeijs P: Relationship between photosynthesis and non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in two red algae with different carotenoid compositions.Marine Biology2006�149(5):1003-1013.[DIVING-PAM]

101.李强� 王国祥， 潘国权， 王文林， 马婷: 水体浊度对菹草萌发及萌发苗光合荧光特性的影响.生态学�?/em>2006�26(11):3594-3601.[DIVING-PAM]

102.王文林， 王国祥， 李强� 潘国权， 马婷: 水体浊度对菹草（Potamogeton cripus）幼苗生长发育的影响.生态学�?/em>2006�26(11):3586-3593.[DIVING-PAM]

103.Cabello-Pasini A� Figueroa FL: Effect of nitrate concentration on the relationship between photosynthetic oxygen evolution and electron transport rate inUlva rigida(Chlorophyta).Journal of Phycology2005�41(6):1169-1177.[DIVING-PAM]

104.Enr��quez S� Pantoja-Reyes N: Form-function analysis of the effect of canopy morphology on leaf self-shading in the seagrassThalassia testudinum.Oecologia2005�145(2):234-242.[DIVING-PAM]

105.Fine M� Meroz-Fine E� Hoegh-Guldberg O: Tolerance of endolithic algae to elevated temperature and light in the coralMontipora monasteriatafrom the southern Great Barrier Reef.Journal of Experimental Biology2005�208:75-81.[DIVING-PAM]

106.J��nior ON� Alves AHS: Photosynthetic characteristics of the freshwater red algaBatrachospermum delicatulum(Skuja) Necchi & Entwisle.Acta Bot Bras2005�19(1):125-137.[DIVING-PAM]

107.Liu S-L� Wang W-L� Dy DT� Fu C-C: The effect of ulvoid macroalgae on the inorganic carbon utilization by an intertidal seagrassThalassia hemprichii.Bot Bull Acad Sin2005�46:197-203.[DIVING-PAM]

108.Ralph PJ� Gademann R: Rapid light curves: A powerful tool to assess photosynthetic activity.Aquatic Botany2005�82:222�?37.[DIVING-PAM]

109.Ralph PJ� Larkum AWD� K��hl M: Temporal patterns in effective quantum yield of individual zooxanthellae expelled during bleaching.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology2005�316:17-28.[DIVING-PAM� MICROSCOPY-PAM]

110.Rodr��guez-Rom��n A� Iglesias-Prieto R: Regulation of photochemical activity in cultured symbiotic dinoflagellates under nitrate limitation and deprivation.Marine Biology2005�146(6):1063-1073.[DIVING-PAM]

111.Smith JE� Runcie JW� Smith CM: Characterization of a large-scale ephemeral bloom of the green algaCladophora sericeaon the coral reefs of West Maui� Hawai'i.Marine Ecology Progress Series2005�302:77-91.[DIVING-PAM]

112.Ulstrup KE� Hill R� Ralph PJ: Photosynthetic impact of hypoxia onin hospitezooxanthellae in the scleractinian coralPocillopora damicornis.Marine Ecology Progress Series2005�286:125-132.[DIVING-PAM]

113.Burghardt I� W?gele H: A new solar powered species of the genusPhyllodesmiumEhrenberg� 1831 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Aeolidoidea) from Indonesia with analysis of its photosynthetic activity and notes on biology.Zootaxa2004�596:1-18.[DIVING-PAM]

114.Fine M� Steindler L� Loya Y: Endolithic algae photoacclimate to increased irradiance during coral bleaching.Marine and Freshwater Research2004�55:115-121.[DIVING-PAM]

115.Heil CA� Chaston K� Jones A� Bird P� Longstaff B� Costanzo S� Dennison WC: Benthic microalgae in coral reef sediments of the southern Great Barrier Reef� Australia.Coral Reefs2004�23:336-343.[DIVING-PAM]

116.Iglesias-Prieto R� Beltr��n VH� LaJeunesse TC� Reyes-Bonilla H� Thom�� PE: Different algal symbionts explain the vertical distribution of dominant reef corals in the eastern Pacific.Proc R Soc Lond B2004�271:1757-1763.[DIVING-PAM]

117.McMinn A� Runcie JW� Riddle M: Effect of seasonal sea ice breakout on the photosynthesis of benthic diatom mats at Casey� Antarctica.Journal of Phycology2004�40(1):62-69.[DIVING-PAM]

118.Mercurio P� Negri A� Burns KA� Heyward A: The ecotoxicology of vegetable versus mineral based lubricating oils: 3. Coral fertilization and adult corals.Environmental Pollution2004�129:183-194.[DIVING-PAM]

119.Roberts S� Sabater S� Beardall J: Benthic microalgal colonization in streams of differing riparian cover and light availability.Journal of Phycology2004�40(6):1004-1012.[DIVING-PAM]

120.Runcie JW� Durako MJ: Among-shoot variability and leaf-specific absorptance characteristics affect diel estimates of in situ electron transport ofPosidonia australis.Aquatic Botany2004�80:209-220.[DIVING-PAM]

121.Runcie JW� Riddle MJ: Measuring variability in chlorophyll-fluorescence-derived photosynthetic parameters in situ with a programmable multi-channel fluorometer.Functional Plant Biology2004�31(5):559-562.[DIVING-PAM]

122.Smith JE� Smith CM� Vroom PS� Beach KL� Miller S: Nutrient and growth dynamics ofHalimeda tunaon Conch Reef� Florida Keys: Possible influence of internal tides on nutrient status and physiology.Limnology and Oceanography2004�49(6):1923-1936.[DIVING-PAM]

123.Takahashi S� Nakamura T� Sakamizu M� vanWoesik R� Yamasaki H: Repair machinery of symbiotic photosynthesis as the primary target of heat stress for reef-building corals.Plant Cell and Physiology2004�45(2):251-255.[DIVING-PAM]

124.Toohey B� Kendrick GA� Wernberg T� Phillips JC� Malkin S� Prince J: The effects of light and thallus scour fromEcklonia radiatacanopy on an associated foliose algal assemblage: the importance of photoacclimation.Marine Biology2004�144:1019-1027.[DIVING-PAM]

125.Beach K� Walters L� Vroom P� Smith C� Coyer J� Hunter C: Variability in the ecophysiology ofHalimedaspp. (Chlorophyta� Bryopsidales) on conch reef� Florida keys� USA.Journal of Phycology2003�39(4):633-643.[DIVING-PAM]

126.Beer S� Axelsson L: Limitations in the use of PAM fluorometry for measuring photosynthetic rates of macroalgae at high irradiances.European Journal of Phycology2003�39:1-7.[DIVING-PAM]

127.Carr H� Bj?rk M: A methodological comparison of photosynthetic oxygen evolution and estimated electron transport rate in tropicalUlva(Chlorophyceae) species under different light and inorganic carbon conditions.Journal of Phycology2003�39(6):1125-1131.[PAM-2000� DIVING-PAM]

128.Durako MJ� Kunzelman JI� Kenworthy WJ� Hammerstrom KK: Depth-related variability in the photobiology of two populations ofHalophila johnsoniiandHalophila decipiens.Marine Biology2003�142:1219-1228.[DIVING-PAM]

129.G��vaert F� Cr��ach A� Davoult D� Mign�� A� Levavasseur G� Arzel P� Holl A-C� Lemoine Y:Laminaria saccharinaphotosynthesis measured in situ: photoinhibition and xanthophyll cycle during a tidal cycle.Marine Ecology Progress Series2003�247:43-50.[DIVING-PAM]

130.Han T� Han Y-S� Kain JM� H?der D-P: Thallus differentiation of photosynthesis� growth� reproduction� and UV-B sensitivity in the green algaUlva pertusa(Chlorophyceae).Journal of Phycology2003�39(4):712-721.[DIVING-PAM]

131.Hewson I� Vargo GA� Fuhrman JA: Bacterial diversity in shallow oligotrophic marine benthos and overlying waters: effects of virus infection� containment� and nutrient enrichment.Microbial Ecology2003�46:322-336.[DIVING-PAM]

132.Jones RJ� Heyward AJ: The effects of Produced Formation Water (PFW) on coral and isolated symbiotic dinoflagellates of coral.Marine and Freshwater Research2003�54(2):153-162.[WATER-PAM� DIVING-PAM]

133.Jones RJ� M��ller J� Haynes D� Schreiber U: Effects of herbicides diuron and atrazine on corals of the Great Barrier Reef� Australia.Marine Ecology Progress Series2003�251:153-167.[DIVING-PAM]

134.Joyce KE� Phinn SR: Hyperspectral analysis of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity of coral reef substrates.Limnology and Oceanography2003�48(1):489-496.[DIVING-PAM]

135.Lovelock CE� Feller IC: Photosynthetic performance and resource utilization of two mangrove species coexisting in a hypersaline scrub forestOecologia2003�134(4):455-462.[DIVING-PAM]

136.Macinnis-Ng CMO� Ralphsd PJ: In situ impact of petrochemicals on the photosynthesis of the seagrassZostera capricorni.Marine Pollution Bulletin2003�46:1395�?407.[DIVING-PAM]

137.Durako MJ� Kunzelman JI: Photosynthetic characteristics ofThalassia testudinummeasured in situ by pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry: methodological and scale-based considerations.Aquatic Botany2002�73:173-185.[DIVING-PAM]

138.Glud RN� K��hl M� Wenzh?fer F� Rysgaard S: Benthic diatoms of a high Arctic fjord (Young Sound� NE Greenland): importance for ecosystem primary production.Marine Ecology Progress Series2002�238:15-29.[DIVING-PAM]

139.Glud RN� Rysgaard S� K��hl M: A laboratory study on O₂dynamics and photosynthesis in ice algal communities: quantification by microsensors� O₂exchange rates�¹⁴C incubations and a PAM fluorometer.Aquatic Microbial Ecology2002�27:301-311.[DIVING-PAM]

140.Hawes I� Andersen DT� Pollard WH: Submerged aquatic bryophytes in Colour Lake� a naturally acidic polar lake with occasional year-round ice-cover.Arctic2002�55(4):380-388.[DIVING-PAM]

141.Longstaff BJ� Kildea T� Runcie JW� Cheshire A� Dennison WC� Hurd C� Kana T� Raven JA� Larkum AWD: Anin situstudy of photosynthetic oxygen exchange and electron transport rate in the marine macroalgaUlva lactuca(Chlorophyta).Photosynthesis Research2002�74(3):281-293.[DIVING-PAM]

142.Ralph PJ� Gademann R� Larkum AWD� K��hl M: Spatial heterogeneity in active chlorophyll fluorescence and PSII activity of coral tissues.Marine Biology2002�141:639-646.[DIVING-PAM� MICROFIBER-PAM]

143.Ralph PJ� Polk SM� Moore KA� Orth RJ� Jr. WOS: Operation of the xanthophyll cycle in the seagrassZostera marinain response to variable irradiance.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology2002�271:189-207.[DIVING-PAM]

144.Takahashia S� Yamasaki H: Reversible inhibition of photophosphorylation in chloroplasts by nitric oxide.FEBS Letters2002�512(1-3):145-148.[DIVING-PAM]

145.Waldhoff D� Furch B� Junk WJ: Fluorescence parameters� chlorophyll concentration� and natomical features as indicators for flood adaptation of an bundant tree species in Central Amazonia:Symmeria aniculata.Environmental and Experimental Botany2002�48:225-235.[DIVING-PAM]

146.Beer S� Bj?rk M� R. G� Ralph P: Measurements of photosynthetic rates in seagrasses. In:Global Seagrass Research Methods.Edited by Short FT� Coles RG: Elsevier Science; 2001: 183-198.

147.Enr��quez S� Marb�� N� Duarte CM� van Tussenbroek BI� Reyes-Zavala G: Effects of seagrassThalassia testudinumon sediment redox.Marine Ecology Progress Series2001�219:149-158.[DIVING-PAM]

148.Garty J� Tamir O� Hassid I� Eshel A� Cohen Y� Karnieli A� Orlovsky L: Photosynthesis� chlorophyll integrity� and spectral reflectance in lichens exposed to air pollution.Journal of Environmental Quality2001�30:884-893.[DIVING-PAM]

149.Jones RJ� Hoegh-Guldberg O: Diurnal changes in the photochemical efficiency of the symbiotic dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) of corals: photoprotection� photoinactivation and the relationship to coral bleaching.Plant Cell and Environment2001�24(1):89-99.[DIVING-PAM]

150.K��hl M� Glud RN� Borum J� Roberts R� Rysgaard S: Photosynthetic performance of surface-associated algae below sea ice as measured with a pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) fluorometer and O₂microsensors.Marine Ecology Progress Series2001�223:1-14.[DIVING-PAM]

151.Rae R� Hanelt D� Hawes I: Sensitivity of freshwater macrophytes to UV radiation: relationship to depth zonation in an oligotrophic New Zealand lake.Marine and Freshwater Research2001�52:1023-1032.[PAM-2000� DIVING-PAM]

152.Rysgaard S� K��hl M� Glud RN� Hansen JW: Biomass� production and horizontal patchiness of sea ice algae in a high-Arctic fjord (Young Sound� NE Greenland).Marine Ecology Progress Series2001�223:15-26.[DIVING-PAM]

153.Beer S� Bj?rk M: Measuring rates of photosynthesis of two tropical seagrasses by pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry.Aquatic Botany2000�66:69-76.[DIVING-PAM]

154.Garty J� Weissman L� Tamir O� Beer S� Cohen Y� Karnieli A� Orlovsky L: Comparison of five physiological parameters to assess the vitality of the lichenRamalina laceraexposed to air pollution.Physiologia Plantarum2000�109:410-418.[DIVING-PAM]

155.H?der D-P� Porst M� Lebert M: On site photosynthetic performance of Atlantic green algae.Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology2000�57:159-168.[DIVING-PAM]

156.Salih A� Larkum A� Cox G� K��hl M� Hoegh-Guldberg O: Fluorescent pigments in corals are photoprotective.Nature2000�408:850-853.[DIVING-PAM]

157.Ilan M� Beer S: A new technique for non-intrusive in situ measurements of symbiotic photosynthesis.Coral Reefs1999�18:74.[DIVING-PAM]

158.Beer S� Ilan M: In situ measurements of photosynthetic irradiance responses of two Red Sea sponges growing under dim light conditions.Marine Biology1998�131:613-617.[DIVING-PAM]

159.Beer S� Ilan M� Eshel A� Weil A� Brickner I: Use of pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry forin situ measurements of photosynthesis in two Red Sea faviid corals.Marine Biology1998�131:607-612.[DIVING-PAM]

160.Beer S� Vilenkin B� Weil A� Veste M� Suel L� Eshel A: Measuring photosynthetic rates in seagrasses by pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry.Marine Ecology Progress Series1998�174:293-300.[DIVING-PAM]

161.Jones RJ� Hoegh-Guldberg O� Larkum AWD� Schreiber U: Temperature-induced bleaching of corals begins with impairment of the CO₂fixation mechanism in zooxanthellae.Plant Cell and Environment1998�21:1219-1230.[TEACHING-PAM� DIVING-PAM]

162.Ralph PJ� Gademann R� Dennison WC: In situ seagrass photosynthesis measured using a submersible� pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometer.Marine Biology1998�132:367-373.[DIVING-PAM]