鐢变簬濡備綍閫夋嫨閫傚疁鍒嗘暎鍓備細鐩存帴褰卞搷鍒扮爞纾ㄦ満瓒呯粏鐮旂（鏁堟灉锛屽洜姝わ紝涓€鐩村鍙楀ぇ瀹跺叧娉ㄣ€侟/span>

涓€銆佺爺纾ㄨ繃绋嬩腑鐨勫洟鑱氱幇璞狘/span>

鍦ㄧ爞纾ㄦ満涓紝鐗╂枡棰楃矑鐨勭矇纰庨鍏堜富瑕佹槸渚濋潬楂橀€熻繍鍔ㄧ殑纾ㄧ彔闂寸殑纰版挒銆佹尋鍘嬨€佸壀鍒囧疄鐜扮墿鏂欓绮掔殑绮掑害鍙樺皬锛屾瘮琛ㄩ潰绉澶с€傚湪绮掑害閫愭笎缁嗗寲鐨勮繃绋嬩腑锛岄绮掑湪鑼冨痉鍗庡姏銆佸弻鐢靛眰闈欑數浣滅敤绛夊奖鍝嶄笅浼氶噸鏂板洟鑱氥€傚洜姝わ紝鍙互璁や负棰楃矑瓒呯粏绮夌鍒颁竴瀹氱▼搴﹀悗锛屼即闅忕潃涓€绯诲垪棰楃矑寰涓婄悊鍖栫壒鎬х殑璐ㄥ彉锛屽氨浼氬嚭鐜颁竴涓€滅矇纰庘噷鍥㈣仛鈥濈殑鍙€嗚繃绋嬨€傚綋杩欐鍙嶄袱涓繃绋嬬殑閫熷害鐩哥瓑鏃讹紝渚胯揪鍒颁簡绮夌杩囩▼涓殑鍔ㄦ€佸钩琛★紝鍒欓绮掑昂瀵歌揪鍒版瀬闄愬€笺€傛鏃讹紝杩涗竴姝ュ欢闀跨矇纰庢椂闂存槸寰掑姵鐨勩€傚洜涓鸿繖鏃剁殑鏈烘鍔涘凡涓嶈冻浠ヨВ鑱氬洟鑱氫綋浣块绮掕繘涓€姝ョ牬纰庯紝鍙兘鐢ㄤ簬缁存寔绮夌骞宠　锛屽苟鏈夊彲鑳介€犳垚鏇村灏忛绮掑洟鑱氫綋锛屼簬鏄紝鎵€璋撶殑鈥滈€嗙爺纾ㄢ€濄€佲€滆繑绮椻€濈幇璞″氨浼氬嚭鐜般€備粠鏌愮绋嬪害涓婅锛屽垎鏁ｅ墏鐨勬伆褰撻€夋嫨鏄В鍐斥€滈€嗙爺纾ㄢ€濄€佲€滆繑绮椻€濈幇璞″敮涓€鐨勮涔嬫湁鏁堢殑閫斿緞銆傚垎鏁ｅ墏鍙互褰卞搷棰楃矑涔嬮棿鐨勮寖寰峰崕鍔涖€佸弻鐢靛眰闈欑數鍔涖€佹憾鍓傚寲鑶滃拰鍚搁檮灞傜殑绌洪棿鏂ュ姏璇镐綔鐢ㄣ€侟/span>

浜屻€佸垎鏁ｅ墏绉嶇被

搴旂敤浜庤秴缁嗘箍娉曠爺纾ㄧ殑鍒嗘暎鍓傛湁涓夊ぇ绫伙紝鍗虫棤鏈虹被銆佹湁鏈虹被銆佹湁鏈鸿仛鍚堢墿绫汇€侟/span>

锛?锛夋棤鏈虹被銆傚父鐢ㄧ殑鏈夎仛纾烽吀鐩愬拰纭呴吀鐩愶紙濡傚叚鍋忕７閰搁挔锛夛紝骞挎硾搴旂敤浜庢按鎬ф秱鏂欙紝杈冨皬娴撳害鍗冲彲鍒嗘暎澶氱鏃犳満棰滄枡銆備絾鏄紝鏈夎祫鏂欒〃鏄庤仛纾烽吀鐩愭湁淇冭繘闇夊彉銆佽捣闇溿€佸悗澧炵銆佽繑绮楃瓑缂洪櫡銆侟/span>

锛?锛夋湁鏈虹被锛堣仛鍚堢數瑙ｈ川锛夈€傝仛鍚堢數瑙ｈ川鏄竴涓ぇ鍒嗗瓙锛岄儴鍒嗘垨鍏ㄩ儴鐢卞叿鏈夊彲鐢电鍩哄洟鐨勫崟浣撴瀯鎴愩€傝绫诲垎鏁ｅ墏澶氱敤浜庢按鎬т綋绯伙紝瀵规棤鏈洪鏂欑殑娑︽箍鍒嗘暎浣滅敤鏁堟灉杈冨ソ銆侟/span>

锛?锛夋湁鏈鸿仛鍚堢墿绫汇€侟span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: Calibri;">a.澶╃劧楂樺垎瀛愮被锛氭渶鍏蜂唬琛ㄦ€х殑鏄嵉纾疯剛锛岄€傜敤浜庢憾鍓傚瀷浣撶郴锛屽鏃犳満棰滄枡鍜屾湁鏈洪鏂欑殑娑︽箍鍜屽垎鏁ｅ潎鏈夋晥銆侟span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: Calibri;">b锛氬悎鎴愰珮鍒嗗瓙绫伙細涓€鑸槸闀块摼鑱氶叿鐨勯吀鍜屽姘ㄥ熀鐩愩€佽仛涓欑儻閰歌鐢熺墿銆佽仛閱氳鐢熺墿绛夈€侟/span>

鐩墠甯傚満涓婃櫘閬嶉噰鐢ㄧ殑鏄湁鏈鸿仛鍚堢墿绫诲垎鏁ｅ墏锛岃仛鍚堢墿绫诲垎鏁ｅ墏鐨勭壒鐐规槸锛欬/span>

锛?锛夋棤鏈哄垎鏁ｅ墏浼氬鐢靛鐜囥€佷粙鐢靛父鏁板甫鏉ヤ笉鑹奖鍝嶏紝鍦ㄦ煇浜涢鍩熷唴浣跨敤鍙楀埌闄愬埗锛岃€岃仛鍚堢墿鍒嗘暎鍓傚垯涓嶅彈鍏堕檺锛汓/span>

锛?锛夊湪鐢熶骇鏃跺叿鏈夊彲鎺х殑鐩稿鍒嗗瓙璐ㄩ噺锛岃€岃緝楂樼殑鐩稿鍒嗗瓙璐ㄩ噺鏈変竴瀹氱殑鍒嗘暎绋冲畾鎬э紱

锛?锛夊垎鏁ｈ兘鍔涘己锛岀ǔ瀹氭晥鏋滃ソ锛屽鍒嗘暎浣撶郴涓殑绂诲瓙銆?span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: Calibri;">pH鍊笺€佹俯搴︾瓑鍥犵礌鏁忔劅绋嬪害灏忥紱

锛?锛夊彲鏄捐憲闄嶄綆鍒嗘暎浣撶郴鐨勯粡搴︼紝鏀瑰杽鍒嗘暎浣撶郴鐨勬祦鍙樻€э紝鑳借妭鐪佹満姊版搷浣滄椂鎵€闇€鐨勮兘婧愩€侟/span>

鑱氬悎鐗╃被鐨勫垎鏁ｅ墏绉嶇被绻佸锛屽嵆浣垮悓涓€绉嶈仛鍚堢墿鍒嗘暎鍓傦紝涓嶅悓鍘傚鐢熶骇鍑虹殑鍒嗘暎鍓傜敱浜庡垎瀛愰噺涓嶄竴鏍凤紝浜у搧鎸囨爣涓嶄竴瀹氾紝鍒嗘暎鏁堟灉涔熷崈宸竾鍒紝杩欎负鍒嗘暎鍓傜殑閫夋嫨澧炲姞浜嗗緢澶х殑闅惧害锛屽洜姝ら渶瑕佸ぇ閲忕殑鐮旂（瀹為獙鎵嶈兘鏈€缁堢‘瀹氥€侟/span>

涓夈€佸垎鏁ｅ墏鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ満鐞嗭細

浣跨敤鍒嗘暎鍓傚彲浠ョǔ瀹氬垎鏁ｉ绮掍綋绯伙紝闃叉榛忔€т粙璐ㄧ殑棰楃矑鍥㈣仛銆傚彲閫氳繃涓夌鍙兘鐨勯€斿緞锛欬/span>

锛?锛夐€氳繃闈欑數鎺掓枼浣滅敤锛圏span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: Calibri;">DLVO鐞嗚锛孅span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: Calibri;">Deryagin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek锛夛紱

锛?锛夐€氳繃绌洪棿浣嶉樆浣滅敤锛圏span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: Calibri;">HVO鐞嗚锛孅span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: Calibri;">Hesselink-Vrij-Overbeek锛夛紱

锛?锛夐€氳繃闈欑數鎺掓枼鍜岀┖闂翠綅闃荤殑缁煎悎浣滅敤銆侟/span>

鍏惰繃绋嬪涓嬶細

锛?锛夊惛闄勪簬鍥轰綋棰楃矑鐨勮〃闈紝闄嶄綆娑秉span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: Calibri;">-娑叉垨鍥裹span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: Calibri;">-娑蹭箣闂寸殑鐣岄潰寮犲姏锛屼娇鍑濊仛鐨勫浐浣撻绮掕〃闈㈡槗浜庢箍娑︺€侟/span>

锛?锛夊湪鍥轰綋棰楃矑鐨勮〃闈㈠舰鎴愬惛闄勫眰锛屽浐浣撻绮掕〃闈㈢殑鐢佃嵎澧炲姞锛屾彁楂樺舰鎴愮珛浣撻樆纰嶇殑棰楃矑闂寸殑鍙嶄綔鐢ㄥ姏銆侟/span>

锛?锛変娇鍥轰綋绮掑瓙琛ㄩ潰褰㈡垚鍙屽垎瀛愬眰缁撴瀯锛屽灞傚垎鏁ｅ墏鏋佹€х涓庢按鏈夎緝寮轰翰鍚堝姏锛屽舰鎴愮┖闂翠綅闃绘晥搴斻€侟/span>

锛?锛変娇浣撶郴鍧囧寑锛屾偓娴€ц兘澧炲姞锛屼笉娌夋穩銆侟/span>

涓€绉嶉€傚疁鐨勫垎鏁ｅ墏搴旀弧瓒充互涓嬭姹傦細

锛?锛夊垎鏁ｆ€ц兘濂斤紝闃叉绮掑瓙涔嬮棿鐩镐簰鑱氶泦锛汓/span>

锛?锛変笌濉枡鏈夐€傚綋鐨勭浉瀹规€э紱鐑ǔ瀹氭€ц壇濂斤紱

锛?锛夋垚鍨嬪姞宸ユ椂鐨勬祦鍔ㄦ€уソ锛汓/span>

锛?锛夊垎鏁ｅ墏鍒嗗瓙鍚搁檮棰楃矑涓虹墿鐞嗗惛闄勶紝鑰屼笉褰卞搷浜у搧鐨勬€ц兘锛汓/span>

锛?锛夋棤姣掋€佷环寤夈€侟/span>

鍥涖€?nbsp;閫夌敤鍒嗘暎鍓傚簲鑰冭檻鐨勫洜绱燑/span>

锛?锛夋憾鍓備綋绯汇€傛寜浠嬭川涓嶅悓鍒掑垎涓烘按鎬с€佹憾鍓傚瀷銆佺矇鏈瓑鍑犲ぇ浣撶郴銆備竴鑸儏鍐典笅锛屾墍鐢ㄧ殑鍒嗘暎鍓傛槸涓嶉€氱敤鐨勩€傞鍏堝簲浜嗚В璇ュ姪鍓傛槸鐢ㄤ簬姘存€х殑鎴栨槸婧跺墏鍨嬶紝浠ヤ笌浣跨敤鑰呯殑瑕佹眰鐩稿惢鍚堛€傚鏋滅敤閿欙紝涓嶄粎璧蜂笉鍒版鼎婀垮垎鏁ｆ晥鏋滐紝杩樹細閫犳垚鎰忔兂涓嶅埌鐨勭粨鏋溿€侟/span>

锛?锛夌墿鏂欐€ц川銆備笉鍚岀墿鏂欏叾鐢佃嵎鎬ц川涓嶅悓锛岄鍏堣鍒嗘竻鏄棤鏈虹墿杩樻槸鏈夋満鐗┿€備骇鍝佸簲缁嗗寲鍒版煇涓€鐗╂枡浣跨敤鏌愪竴鍔╁墏杈惧埌鏈€浣虫晥鏋滅殑鍦版锛屼絾鍦ㄥ疄闄呯敓浜ц繃绋嬩腑锛屽苟涓嶄竴瀹氳兘杈惧埌鏈€浣虫晥鏋溿€傚ぇ澶氭暟鍒嗘暎鍓傝繕鍙槸閫氱敤锛岃繖灏遍渶瑕佷娇鐢ㄨ€呴€愭笎璇曢獙杩涜閫夋嫨銆侟/span>

锛?锛変綋绯荤浉瀹规€с€傚湪涓€涓祮鏂欎綋绯讳腑锛屾墍浣跨敤鐨勫姪鍓傞櫎浜嗗垎鏁ｅ墏锛屽彲鑳借繕鏈夋祦骞冲墏銆佹秷娉″墏绛夛紝鍏剁浉瀹规€у氨灏や负閲嶈銆傛湁浜涘垎鏁ｅ墏鐨勪钩鍖栨€ц兘杈冨己锛屽緢鍙兘浼氫娇娑堟场鍓備钩鍖栬€屼抚澶辨秷娉¤兘鍔涖€傚簲娉ㄦ剰鐩稿鎬э紝鏈夊埄浜庨厤鏂瑰潎琛★紝浣夸骇鍝佺患鍚堟€ц兘寰椾互鍏奸【銆侟/span>

锛?锛変笉褰卞搷浜у搧鐨勬€ц兘銆備緥濡傦細鏃犳満鍒嗘暎鍓傜殑鏋勬垚绂诲瓙瀵归櫠鐡风殑鐢靛鐜囥€佷粙鐢靛父鏁扮瓑鏈変笉鑹奖鍝嶏紝鎵€浠ユ棤鏈虹數瑙ｈ川绫诲垎鏁ｅ墏涓嶈兘鐢ㄤ簬绮剧粏闄剁摲鍘熸枡鐨勫埗澶囥€傞€夋嫨鍒嗘暎鍓傦紝涓€瀹氭槸鍦ㄤ笉褰卞搷浜у搧鎬ц兘鐨勫墠鎻愪笅杩涜銆侟/span>

锛?锛夎壇濂界殑鎬т环姣斻€傚湪浣庝环鐨勪骇鍝佷腑浣跨敤楂樿川楂樹环鐨勫姪鍓傦紝閫犳垚鎴愭湰鐨勫ぇ骞呭害涓婂崌锛屾槸寰堜笉缁忔祹銆傞€夌敤浣曠鍒嗘暎鍓傦紝杩樿涓庝骇鍝佺殑妗ｆ鐩镐竴鑷达紝浠ユ眰鍚堥€傜殑浠锋牸涓庢€ц兘銆侟/span>

浜斻€侀€夋嫨鍒嗘暎鍓傜殑鏂规硶

锛?锛夊湪閫夋嫨鍒嗘暎鍓傛椂锛屽彲閲囩敤浠ヤ笅涓ょ鏂规硶杩涜锛欬/span>

鈶 鐢ㄩ噸鍔涙矇闄嶆硶瀵瑰垎鏁ｅ墏鏁堢巼杩涜鍒濇绛涢€夈€傜浉瀵规矇闄嶉€熺巼瓒婂皬锛屼笂灞傛竻娑叉祳搴﹁秺澶э紝鏈€缁堟矇闄嶄綋绉秺灏忥紝璇存槑鍒嗘暎鏁堢巼瓒婂ソ銆侟/span>

鈶 娴嬪畾娴嗘枡鐨勭矘搴︺€傚姞鍏ュ垎鏁ｅ墏寮曡捣绮樺害澶у箙搴︿笅闄嶆槸鍒嗘暎鍓傜殑瀹為檯鎸囨爣銆備娇鐢ㄨ娉曞彲閫夋嫨鏈€浣崇殑鍒嗘暎鍓傚強鍏剁敤閲忋€傚苟闈炲垎鏁ｅ墏鐢ㄩ噺瓒婂ぇ锛岀矘搴︿細瓒婁綆銆傜敱浜庣矘搴︾殑閫嗗闀挎垨骞崇ǔ鏁堝簲鍦ㄥ垎鏁ｅ墏娴撳害浣庢椂涔熷父甯歌〃鐜板嚭鏉ワ紝鍒嗘暎鍓傝繃閲忎笉浠呬細閫犳垚娴垂锛屼篃浼氬甫鏉ュ叾瀹冭礋浣滅敤銆侟/span>

锛?锛夐拡瀵逛笉鍚岀墿鏂欓€夊嚭鏈€浣冲垎鏁ｅ墏鍙婂叾鐢ㄩ噺锛屼负寰楀埌鏈€浣崇殑鐮旂（閰嶆柟鍜屾搷浣滃伐鑹猴紝鍙牴鎹互涓嬫€濊矾杩涜鐮旂（瀹為獙銆備竴鑸湴锛屾椂闂磋秺鐭€佺粏搴﹁秺缁嗙殑鍔╁墏銆佹晥鏋滆秺濂键/span>

鈶 閲囩敤鍚屾牱鐨勭爺纾ㄩ厤鏂瑰拰宸ヨ壓锛岄€夌敤鍚屾牱鐢ㄩ噺銆佷絾鍝佺涓嶅悓鐨勫姪鍓傦紝娴嬪畾鍚屾牱鐮旂（鏃堕棿鐨勭粏搴︽垨杈惧埌鍚屾牱缁嗗害鏃剁殑鐮旂（鏃堕棿銆侟/span>

鈶 閲囩敤鍚屾牱鐨勭爺纾ㄩ厤鏂瑰拰宸ヨ壓锛岄€夌敤鍚屾牱鍔╁墏鐨勪笉鍚岀敤閲忋€佹祴瀹氬悓鏍风爺纾ㄦ椂闂寸殑缁嗗害鎴栬揪鍒板悓鏍风粏搴︾殑鐮旂（鏃堕棿銆侟/span>

鈶 閲囩敤鍚屾牱鐨勫姪鍓傚拰鐢ㄩ噺锛屾敼鍙樼爺纾ㄩ厤鏂瑰拰鎶曟枡娆″簭锛屾祴瀹氬悓鏍风爺纾ㄦ椂闂寸殑缁嗗害鎴栬揪鍒板悓鏍风粏搴︾殑鐮旂（鏃堕棿銆侟/span>

鍏€佸垎鏁ｅ墏鍒嗘暎鏁堟灉鐨勮瘎瀹氭柟娉旤/span>

閫夌敤鍒嗘暎鍓傚悗鎵€杈惧埌鐨勭爺纾ㄦ晥鏋滃浣曪紝鍙噰鐢ㄤ互涓嬫柟娉曡繘琛岃瘎瀹欪

锛?锛夌敤绮掑害娴嬭瘯鏂规硶娴嬪畾缁嗗害锛汓/span>

锛?锛夊埄鐢ㄧ數瀛愭樉寰暅鍙瀵熸箍棰楃矑鐨勭矑寰勫垎甯冨拰鑱氶泦鐘舵€侊紝鏄惁鏈夌诞鍑濄€佹瀽鍑虹瓑鐜拌薄锛汓/span>

锛?锛夋祴瀹氬垎鏁ｈ壊娴嗙殑鐫€鑹插姏鍜岃壊鐩稿彲浠ョ‘瀹氶鏂欏垎鏁ｅ緱濂藉潖銆備竴鑸涓虹孩鑹插甫榛勭浉銆侀粍鑹插甫缁跨浉銆佺豢鑹插甫钃濈浉銆佽摑鑹插甫绾㈢浉鏃讹紝棰滄枡鍒嗘暎鏁堟灉杈冨ソ锛汓/span>

锛?锛夋祴瀹氭祮鏂欑殑璐瓨绋冲畾鎬с€傚鏋滃垎鏁ｆ晥鏋滀笉濂斤紝璐瓨鍚庨绮掍細褰㈡垚绲嚌锛岀矘搴﹀鍔犮€傝〃鏄庡垎鏁ｄ笉瀹屽叏锛屼綋绯荤ǔ瀹氭€у樊銆侟/span>

缁间笂鎵€杩帮紝瓒呯粏鐮旂（杩囩▼涓垎鏁ｅ墏鐨勯€夋嫨鏄竴椤瑰鏉傝€屼笖闅惧害澶х殑宸ョ▼锛屽繀椤荤患鍚堣€冭檻鏂规柟闈㈤潰鐨勫洜绱狅紝鍙湁鍦ㄤ繚璇佸垎鏁ｅ墏瀵逛骇鍝佹€ц兘鍙婁綋绯绘棤浠讳綍褰卞搷鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛岄€夋嫨鍚堥€傜殑鍒嗘暎鍓傚強鍏剁敤閲忥紝鍑忓皯瓒呯粏鐮旂（娴嗘枡涓绮掍箣闂磋蒋鍥㈣仛浣擄紝浣块绮掑湪浣撶郴涓垎鏁ｇǔ瀹氾紝鎻愰珮瓒呯粏鐮旂（鏁堟灉銆侟/span>