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ABSTRACT:High-performance and lightweight carbon aerogels(CAs) have attracted considerable attention in various fields suchas electrochemistry, catalysis, adsorption, energy storage, and so on.However, finding an environmentally friendly and efficientpreparation method and achieving a controllable performance ofCAs are still a challenge. Herein, a series of anisotropic carbon/graphene composite aerogels were synthesized by unidirectionalfreezing of polyamic acid ammonium salt/graphene oxide (PAS/GO) suspension followed by lyophilization, thermal imidization,and carbonization. The prepared aerogels presented a tubular porestructure oriented along the freezing direction. The GO dispersedin the polymer matrix reinforced the skeleton of aerogels, whichsignificantly inhibited the volume shrinkage during the preparationprocess, thus giving low densities of 0.074∑�/span>0.185 g cm∑�/span>3. In addition, the oriented pore structure endowed the composite aerogelswith obviously anisotropic heat insulation performance. The radial thermal conductivity was as low as 0.038 W m∑�/span>1K∑�/span>1at thedensity of 0.074 g cm∑�/span>3. When the initial content of GO rose to 20 phr, the resultant aerogels exhibited a high electrical conductivityof about 0.77 S cm∑�/span>1in the radial direction and the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) reached 54.6 dB atthe same time. Therefore, this study provided a facile and environmentally friendly method to prepare lightweight and anisotropiccarbon aerogels.KEYWORDS:graphene oxide, polyimide, carbon aerogel, anisotropy, thermal insulation, electromagnetic interference shielding