纸浆是一种纤维材料，来自于化合物分解或者木材或植物纤维的机械分离。纸浆是造纸行业最重要的原材料。典型的光学显微镜下的植物纤维见国�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">1、�/span>

国�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">1：纸浆中典型纤维的光学图僎�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">(Courtesy to TU Graz.Prof.W.Bauer)

Zeta电位测试带电表面间的相互作用

在造纸行业＋�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Zeta电位是了解阳离子保留液，固定剂和带阴离子电荷的纤维表面相互作用的重要指标。被破坏的物质比如木质素磺酸盐，会在造纸机械的水体系中和昂贵的带阳离子固定或者保留液作用，从而产生沉淀（凝聚）、�/span>

Zeta电位的测试可以提供一个有效的分析数据，可以更好地洞悉和理解纤维加工完成后复杂的胶体机理、�/span>

表征的技�?/span>

国�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">2９�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Particle Metrix颗粒表征系统

Stabino II ®是流�?span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">zeta电势滴定系统，来自德国胶体公司（Colloild Metrix GmbH），可以提供快速电信号响应，用于研穵�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">zeta电位变化。它非常适用于快速滴定。大部分样品可以在原始浓度下直接测试、�/span>

Zetaview®是基于在激光散射显微视频中单个颗粒的跟踪，适用的浓度范围为105�?span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">109个粒孏�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">/ml。因为它基于微量电泳的基本原理，所以可以用于校正其他仪器的粒度咋�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">zeta电位，此款仪器来自于德国PMX公司＇�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Particle Metrix GmbH）、�/span>

Stabino II ®颗粒电位滴定系统咋�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Zetaview®颗粒跟踪系统(PTA)都是设计可用于高的样品处理量、�/span>

为了对比的目的，第三种测量系统，德国某公司的某型号电位仪也被用来测试zeta电位。该系统皃�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">zeta电位测试的是悬浮在水中的固体材料的表面电荷，相应皃�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">zeta电位测试是基于样品材料自动柱塞运动所形成的流动电势。这些测试由Wolfgang Bauer教授的团队，�?span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Graz University of Technology的造纸纸浆和纤维技术学院完成、�/span>

样品介绍

样品1：软木漂白牛皮纸浅�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">(绅�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">)＋�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">primary fines

样品2：软木漂白牛皮纸浅�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">(绅�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">)＋�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">primary fines，阳离子共价改�?/span>

样品3：软木未漂白牛皮纸浆(绅�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">) primary fines 1

样品4９�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">PGW细的未漂白的

样品5９�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">PGW细的未漂白的，阳离子共价改�?/span>

样品6：软木未漂白牛皮纸浆(绅�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">)＋�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">primary fines 2

样品7９�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Hardwood (Euka)漂白牛皮纸浆(绅�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">)＋�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">primary + secondary fines

备注：硫酸盐制浆法是一种将木材转化成木质纸浆的工艺，几乎包含了所有纯纤维素纤维、�/span>

结果

使用Stabino II ®测试亅�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">7种样品的zeta电位。样品都是按1:10稀释的。图3显示了样�?span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">1和样�?span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">5皃�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Zeta电位结果、�/span>

国�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">3９�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Stabino II ®的测试结果，样品1（红色）和样�?span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">5（蓝色），样品稀釉�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">1９�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">10

对于颗粒跟踪系统＇�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">PTA）－Zetaview®＇�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">PTA-ZP），样品都用去离子水稀釉�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">1000倍，用来调节样品的浓度。一张典型的PTA图像（图4左边）显示了大小不同颗粒的存在，这与国�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">1的显微镜结果一致，说明样品制备是有代表性的、�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Zetaview®测试皃�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">zeta电位分辨率很高、�/span>

国�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">4：具月�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">zeta电位功能的颗粒跟踪系统（PTA-ZP（�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Zetaview®所得到的图像（左边）和高分辨的zeta电位分布(右边)

�?span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">1和图5显示亅�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Stabino II ®＋�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Zetaview®和某型号测试皃�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">zeta电位、�/span>

�?span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">1９�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Stabino II ®＋�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Zetaview®和某型号的测试结果总览

国�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">5９�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Stabino II ®＋�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Zetaview®和某型号的测试结果的对比

Stabino II ®咋�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Zetaview®的结果显示出较小的差异。总的来说，结果都显示了比较好的一致性。通过Stabino II ®，还可以进行聚电解质＋�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">PH和电导率滴定、�/span>

国�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">6显示了样�?span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">1咋�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">5的滴定。样�?span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">1是带阴离子的，因此用0.0025N阳离子的P-DADMAC滴定。滴至电位为0的点(ZPC)。样�?span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">5为带阳离子材料，因此�?span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">PVS滴至ZPC、�/span>

国�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">6９�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Stabino II ®zeta电位滴定＋�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">3g/l咋�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">6g/l的纸浆，TU-Graz，滴定剂：固定试剁�/span>

结论

三种仪器间的zeta电位测试结果的对比很好、�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Stabino II ®� 某型号都有在原始浓度下测试的可能性、�span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2em; font-family: " microsoft="" font-size:="" position:="">Stabino II ®的突出优点也是显而易见的。它可以测试很宽的粒度范围，而且可以做滴定。它可以测试的样品粒度范围极宽，从大分子和胶体纳米颗粒，到亚毫米级的纤维和大颗粒。此外，Stabino II ®还可以对不同尺度的颗粒提供聚电解质，PH和盐溶液的自动滴定、�/span>

Stabino II ®是通用的多参数电位滴定系统。如用户所述，其操作也非常容易、�/span>

致谢

我们在此感谢TU Graz，造纸纸浆和纤维技术学院的Wolfgang Bauer and Mrs Mayr教授，为我们提供了样品以及某型号的测试、�/span>